![]() Q: So what you say is, that PMKID caching does not make sense in WPA2 PERSONAL networks? For 802.11r (FT) in WPA2 PERSONAL WLANs, the number of needed messages for key exchange are reduced from four (4 way handshake) to two (big deal). If using the classic methods like PKC/OKC or PMK caching, there is no functional advantage to utilize PMKID caching. You can argue whether it makes sense to utilize PMKID caching for WPA2 PERSONAL SSIDs. ![]() Is PMKID caching also used in WPA2 PERSONAL WLANs? But you said PMKID caching is used by WPA2 ENTERPRISE (which is not vulnerable). Q: Wait! So WPA2 PERSONAL is vulnerable, WPA2 ENTERPRISE is not. Furthermore, compared to WPA2 PERSONAL, the PMK is not the key which enables the user to access the WLAN in WPA2 ENTERPRISE. This is because the PMK is dynamic for each client at the time of associaton. ![]() WPA2 ENTERPRISE (802.1X) is typically not vulnerable, although PMKID caching is the main use case for this application. Because it’s an attack against the WPA key management (which is nearly the same for WPA1 and WPA2), the used ciphers are not relevant (AES, TKIP). Only WPA and WPA2 PERSONAL (pre-shared key) are vulnerable. Q: Which WLAN authentication methods are vulnerable? 802.11r: 4-way handshake with new AP before roaming.PKC (Proactive Key Caching) / OKC (Opportunistic Key caching).802.11i extension PMK Caching (WPA2 only).Typically all fast roaming technologies make use of PMK caching, including Q: What are the methods, which utilize PMK caching? EAP-TLS, PEAP), which has an impact on time sensitive applications like voice. Otherwise, roaming might take some time depending on the used EAP method (e.g. The intent of PMKID caching is to efficiently roam between multiple access points using EAP as authentication (WPA2 ENTERPRISE) to prevent that during a roaming event a full EAP authentication is performed. Q: What is a PMKID caching and why is it used? And that’s what it is: An offline brute-force attack against the WPA(2) passphrase.ġ.) A (hopefully simple) FAQ like section, to answer the most common questionsĢ.) Technical details regarding PMK caching methodsģ.) An analysis of the attack tools and the used examples in the new attack description Therefore, it’s attackable using brute-force attacks. It’s based on PMKID (Pairwise Master Key Identifier) caching and the attack utilize one problem of PMKID caching: the WLAN password is actually transported over the air in a hashed way. ![]() The attack and the needed tools are described here:įirst of all, this attack is so obvious, I cannot believe nobody found it earlier (including me □ ). ![]() Some clever guys found out a way to crack WPA. ![]()
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